Load suspension apparatus and related methods



May 9, 1967 s. v. GIARDINA 3,313,054

LOAD SUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 OriginalFiled March 8, 1962 INVENTOR [A /W67 Afl/M) AT OR EY y 9, 1967 s. v.GIARDINA 3,318,054

LOAD SUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS Original Filed March 8,1962 W FIG. 3

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTOR ATTO J United States Patent 3,318,054 LOADSUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS Salvatore Vincent Giardina,Brooklyn, N.Y., assignor of one-half to Pasquale Fichera, Brooklyn, N.Y.Original application Mar. 8, 1962, Ser. No. 178,439, now Patent No.3,201,906, dated Aug. 24, 1965. Divided and this application Nov. 24.1964, Ser. No. 413,534 27 Claims. (CI. 52-39) This application isdivide-d from my earlier filed copending application No. 178,439 filedMar. 8, 1962, now Patent No. 3,201,906.

This invention relates to load suspension apparatus and to associatedmethods and is more particularly concerned with improved techniques forsuspending large loads from frangible overhead structures of masonry andthe like.

A principal object of the invention is to provide improved techniqueswhereby the load supporting characteristics of masonry structures andthe like are vastly improved.

A further object of the invention is to insure against failure in loadsuspending mechanisms by the use of simple and economical improvements.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improvedtechnique which does not require the passing of a suspending structurecompletely through the associated supporting structure so thatorientation of suspension location is greatly facilitated.

Yet another object of the invention is to make optimum use of relatedsuspension apparatus components by advantageously dissipatingdisplacement forces therein in shear as will become hereinafterapparent.

Still a further object of the invention is to employ vertical suspensioncomponents in such a manner that they provide horizontal reactioncomponents for improving associated safety factors.

Another object of the invention is to make hanger structures slip andfailure proof.

A further object of the invention is to avoid the need for drillingthrough floors and the like for the purpose of mounting hangerstherefrom, thus avoiding the need for refinishing and/or repairing suchfloors.

A still further object of the invention is to achieve with the use ofpins an assurance against failure which is not normally achieved by theuse of steel concrete inserts which the pins replace.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide means for effectivelyputting concrete structures and the like in compression to improve theload supporting characteristics thereof.

Briefly, the invention contemplates a technique whereby a hanger bracketor the like is fastened to an overhead structure by such means that thetendency of the bracket to be pulled away from the overhead structure bya load on said bracket is resolved into vertical and horizontal forces,the latter of which is applied to a vertical member or the like in shearso that an optimum resistance to displacement of the bracket isprovided.

Other objects and features, as well as advantages, of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed descriptionof some preferred embodiments which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing in which:

FIGURE 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention wherein areemployed inclined and vertical fastening members and a means forresisting removal of at least one of these members from the associatedbore;

FIGURE 2 illustrates, in side view, a further embodiment of theinvention wherein one of the fastening members is fixed to theassociated bracket;

FIGURE 3 illustrates, in side view, still another embodiment of theinvention wherein the element for transmitting at least a part of theaforenoted horizontal force is separable from the associated bracket;

FIGURE 4 is a side view of still another embodiment of the inventionwherein is provided an element for placing the associated concretestructure under compression; and

FIGURE 5 is illustrative of still another embodiment of the inventionwherein is provided a special element for avoiding withdrawal of one ofthe associated fastening members.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG- URE 1 comprises,generally, a bracket 10, a load suspension member 12 and fasteningelements 14 and 16. An auxiliary element 18 is also provided forpurposes which will become hereinafter apparent.

The purpose of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 is to provide meansfor suspending a load (not shown) from an overhead masonry structure 20which may be constituted by concrete or the like.

At the outset of the description of the embodiment of the inventionillustrated in FIG. 1, it is to be noted that the fastening elements ofthis embodiment do not pass completely through the overhead structure20, although this is a possibility, if necessary. However, the fact thatthe fastening elements do not pass completely through overhead structure20 clearly facilitates locating the hanger arrangement in that it isunnecessary to drill through structure 20 from above whereby the needfor repairing the upper surface of structure 20, which may constitute afloor, is avoided.

More particularly, element 10 is a knee bracket fabricated of steel, ora like metal having suitable strength, element 10 comprising ahorizontal arm 22 and a vertical arm 24, said arms being perpendicularlyrelated and defining an angle of therebetween. This arrangement ispreferable. However, other angles may be substituted in a situationwhere the structure 20 presents an inclined lower surface, it beinggenerally preferred that the arm 24 be arranged in vertical disposition.It will be noted that horizontal arm 22 rests in face-to-face abuttingrel-ationship against the lower surface of the overhead structure 20.

Element 12 is a load suspension member. It is comprised of a verticallimb 26 provided with a loop or ring member 28 wherefrom the load itselfis suspended. Element 12 is further provided with a section 30wherethrough extends a threaded bolt 32 having a head 34 and providedwith a nut 36 and a washer 38 by means of which a firm connection isprovided between elements 10 and 12.

Extending through arm 22 of element 10 are two spaced holes 4d and 42.Hole 40 has generally a vertical disposition, for a purpose which willbecome hereinafter apparent, whereas hole 42 is preferably although notnecessarily inclined, also for a purpose which will become hereinafterapparent.

In correspondence with holes 40 and 42 are provided bores 44 and 46drilled, or otherwise formed, in overhead structure 20. Bore 44 ispreferably vertically disposed and concentric with hole 40. Bore 46 isinclined by an angle A relative to the vertical, angle A beingpreferably in the order of 30. Bore 46 is preferably concentric withhole 42 in arm 22.

Also provided on the arm 22 is an inclined sleeve 48 concentric orcoaxial with hole 42 and bore 46. Sleeve 43 is provided with an internalbore through which passes fastening element 14 and the sleeve 48 ispreferably affixed to horizontal arm 22 by welding or the like.

In bore 44 is provided an expansion shield 50 of conventional structure.The expansion shield 50 is vertically disposed and in known manner isexpandable within the bore 44 for being firmly engaged with the same.

Fastening element 14 is preferably, in this embodiment of the invention,a pin including a dome-shaped head 52. According to the method involvedin this embodiment of the invention, the pin 14 is driven with a malletor hammer through sleeve 48 into bore 46 within which the pin isfrictionally engaged. The pin 14 is driven into bore 46 until head 52moves into abutting relationship with the end of sleeve 48.

Into the expansion shield 50, in accordance with the method of thisembodiment of the invention, is inserted a bolt 54 having a head 56which sandwiches arm 22 against overhead structure 20. However, betweenarm 22 and head 56 is accommodated a flat section 58 of the auxiliarymember 18 which is constituted by a spring clip of steel or other suchsuitable material.

Auxiliary member 18 further comprises an arcuate section or extension 60connected to the horizontal section 58 and positioned for engagementwith the domeshaped head of pin 14.

' In the aforesaid embodiment of the invention, it will be seen thatwhen a load is connected to section 30 of load suspension member 12, thetendency for bracket to be pulled away from overhead structure will begreatly resisted by the pin 14 whose disposition is purposefully plannedto be closer to the vertical arm 24 than is the disposition of bolt 54.Thus, pin 14 is strategically located to avoid possible pivotingmovement of bracket 10 about a pivot point which might be constituted inthe arm 22 in the vicinity of said bolt 54.

In addition, it will be noted that any tendency of pin 14 to moveaxially out of bore 44 will be resolved into a vertical force downwardlydirected and a horizontal force directed to the left, this resolutionbeing effected through sleeve 48 and through arm 22. The horizontalforce which might take place towards the left, is transmitted to bolt 54in shear, this being the type of stress which the bolt 54 is mostcapable of resisting. Thus, a vertical fastening member, which normallywould not have any significant effect in supporting the load, isefiiciently employed to resist detaching of the bracket 10 from theoverhead structure.

In addition to the significant advantages noted above, the auxiliaryelement 18 provides still further advantages. On the one hand, element18 resists axial displacement of the pin or fastening element 14,whereas still further this element converts axial displacementtendencies of pin 14 into horizontal vectors applied at right angles orin shear to the bolt 54 which element is most capable of resistingstresses applied in this manner.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2 is a variation ofthat illustrated in FIG. 1. This embodiment contemplates the use of aload suspension member 70 connected by a nut and bolt arrangement 72 toa knee bracket 74, the knee bracket 74 being mounted on an overheadstructure 76 by means of an inclined pin 7 8 and a vertically disposedbolt 80 accommodated in an expansion shield 82 housed in a correspondingvertical bore.

In this embodiment of the invention, there is provided an inclinedsleeve 84 which, however, is provided with an internal thread 86 withwhich is threadably engaged threaded portion 88 at the lowermost end ofsaid pin 78.

Pin 78 includes a threaded portion 90 extending downwardly out of thesleeve 84, a nut 92 being threadably engaged on said portion 90.

According to the technique contemplated in accordance with thisembodiment of the invention, pin 78 is threaded through sleeve 84 andnut 92 engaged threadably with end portion 90. Thereafter, the nut 92 isriveted or otherwise affixed by a pin or the like to the end portion 90.

In further accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the pin 78is affixed to the bracket 74 and is then hammered home in the associatedinclined bore until the bracket 74 moves into close fitting relationship4 with overhead structure 76. Thereafter bolt is inserted into expansionshield 82 whereupon the load suspension member 70 may be affixed tobracket 74 by nut and bolt arrangement 72.

As in the originally described embodiment of the invention, any tendencyof pin 78 to move axially out of the associated bore is converted bysleeve 84 and bracket 74 into vertical and horizontal components, thelatter of which is applied at right angles to bolt 80 in shear, the bolt80 presenting a maximum resistance to this force and thus to a detachingof the bracket 74 from overhead structure 76.

Again it is to be noted that the inclined pin 78 is preferably arrangedcloser to the vertical arm of the bracket '74 than is the bolt 80 so asto provide a maximum effective resistance to the load suspension member70.

Although the use of specific pin and bolt and expansion shield membershas been indicated relative to FIGS. 1 and 2, it should be noted thatwhile these elements are preferable other modifications are possible,the pins and bolts representing simply specific cases of fasteningelements for which substitutes can be made within the scope of theinvention.

The embodiment of the invention of FIG. 3 illustrates still a furthervariation of the invention wherein a detachable element is provided forpurposes of transmitting horizontal forces as aforesaid and forresisting axial movement of inclined pins.

More particularly, an overhead structure in FIG. 3 is provided withinclined bores 102 and 104 within which are respectively accommodatedand frictionally engaged pins 106 and 108 having respectively heads 110and 112. Preferably, bores 102 and 104 and pins 106 and 108 are inclinedat about 45" to the horizontal.

In addition, there is provided a plate 114 in face-to-face relationshipwith the lower surface of overhead structure 100, said plate beingfabricated of steel or other such material having suitable strength.

On the lower surface of plate 114 are provided inclined sleeves 116 and118, plate 114 being provided with inclined holes 120 and 122 concentricand coaxial with bores Y102 and 104 respectively and sleeves 116 and 118respectively.

Inasmuch as heads 110 and 112 are generally arranged at right angles tothe associated pins, the free surfaces or extremities thereof, which arefiat, also define angles of 45 The purpose of these angles will becomehereinafter apparent.

Threadably and detachably aflixed to plate 114 and centered between theaforesaid sleeves and pins is a threaded bolt 124 on which is looselyaccommodated a disc 126 having a central bore 128, the diameter of whichexceeds the outer diameter of threaded bolt 124. The disc 126 isgenerally in the form of a truncated cone having a base angle of 45 suchthat its inclined peripheral surface 130 is adapted to engage fi-atlyagainst the free extremities of heads 110 and 112 of pins 106 and 108.

A nut 132 is threadably engaged on the lower extremity of bolt 124 andurges disc 126 outwardly against heads 110 and 112.

According to this embodiment of the invention, the disc 126 resistsaxial displacement of pins 106 and 108 downwardly out of bores 102 and104, each pin acting in opposition to displacement of the other of saidpins. Moreover, bolt 124 constitutes a vertical element to which thehorizontal vectors of the downward movement of pins 106 and 108 areapplied perpendicularly or in shear.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a load supporting member (not shown) can bethreadably affixed to the lower extremity of bolt 124.

The aforesaid device avoids the use of expanded metal shields and anapplied load is equally distributed by inclined pins 106, 108 into theassociated masonry.

In this and in the aforesaid embodiments of the invention, the requiredbores in the masonry can be provided by using the inclined sleeves asdrill guides. Alternatively, a drilled fixture can be held in positionwith an expansion shield and bolt.

A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 whereinis included an element adapted for placing the associated masonry undercompression.

More particularly, in FIG. 4, there are provided pins 140 and 142 driveninto associated bores and arranged at approximately 22 /2 from thevertical. A plate 144 is provided having there-on inclined sleeves 146and 148, there also being provided a detachable bolt 150 in verticaldisposition and depending downwardly from plate 144.

In this embodiment of the invention a disc 152 having inclined surfaces154 and 156 is urged upwardly against the ends of pins 140 and 142 bymeans of a nut 158.

In addition, there is provided a disc 160 urged downwardly by a nut 162against the inner surfaces of pins 140 and 142 so that these pins tendto pivot with the sleeves 146 and 148 acting as fulcra. It will beunderstood that sleeves 146 and 148 can be omitted in which event plate144- acts as the fulcra. If the holes in the plate are one thirty-secondof an inch larger than the pins 140 and 142, sufficient compressionresults.

Due to this pivoting tendency of pins 140 and 142, the inner extremitiesof said pins accommodated within the masonry structure act to compressthe masonry structure thereby greatly increasing the effectivenessthereof.

More particularly, it will be noted that the disc 152 is in the shape ofan inverted truncated cone, the peripheral surface of which inclines atan angle corresponding to the side surfaces of the pins 140 and 142.Surfaces 154 and 156 of disc 152 are arranged at an angle of about 22 /2to the horizontal in order to correspond with the free extremities ofthe inclined pins.

According to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 5,there is contemplated a still further variation of the method andapparatus of the invention.

More particularly, the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG.comprises a first knee bracket 170 fastened to an overhead masonrystructure 172 and including arms 174 and 176 respectively disposed inhorizontal and vertical planes and rigidly connected at a right angle.

As in prior embodiments of the invention, there is provided an inclinedsleeve 178 affixed to the horizontal arm 174 by Welding or the like andconcentric with a bore 180 formed in the overhead structure 172.

A pin 182 is provided including a head 184 by means of which the saidpin is driven into here 188 for frictional engagement therein.

A second fastening member is provided in the form of a bolt 186 which isthread-ably accommodated in an expansion shield 188 accommodated withina vertical bore in overhead structure 172. The head in bore 186sandwiches arm 174 against said overhead structure and cooperativelywith pin 182 and the head 184 thereof holds the horizontal arm 174firmly against the overhead structure.

In accordance with this last embodiment of the invention, there isfurther provided an angle support means 190 including a vertical arm 192and a horizontal arm 194. Vertical arm 192 is in face-to-facerelationship with said vertical arm 176 and the two are connected by anut and bolt locking arrangement 196.

The horizontal arm 194 is located beneath horizontal arm 174 and ispreferably in horizontal relationship with respect thereto. Aninternally threaded sleeve 198 is mounted in vertical dispositiondirectly beneath the head 184 of pin 182 and accommodates therein averti cal, externally threaded rod 200. This rod is threadably engagedwithin the sleeve 198 and adjusted so as to be in endwise engagementwith pin 182 and, more particularly, the head 184 thereon. Rod 200 isadapted for supporting a load which, in accordance with the method ofthe invention, is suspended by conventional means from said rod.

According to the method of the invention relating to this embodiment,vertical and inclined bores are formed in the overhead structure 172 incorrespondence with the holes provided in the horizontal arm 174 ofbracket 170. Pin 182 is selected so as to be slightly larger intransverse dimension than bore and is driven home in the latter to beengaged frictionally within the same. Bolt 186 is threadably engagedwith expansion shield 18-8 in the associated vertical bore and thenangle 191)- is connected to bracket 1'70. Thereupon the sleeve 198 isset to accommodate rod 200 which is threaded into the same and intoendwise engagement with head 1 84 of pin 182, the rod 2110 therebyresisting oblique movement of pin 182 out of bore 180.

In this embodiment of the invention as in the prior embodiments, thetendency of pin 182 to move downwardly in response to the application ofa load to rod 200 is resolved into horizontal and vertical vectors, thehorizontal vector of which is transmitted via horizontal arm 174 atright angles against bolt 186 which therefore receives the same inshear.

There have now been described various embodiments of the invention inassociation with each of which is contemplated an apparatus and amethod. In each of the embodiments of the invention, there iscontemplated the resolving of the movement of a pin or other suchfastening member out of an inclined bore in an overhead structure intovertical and horizontal vector forces, the latter of which is applied atright angles to a further fastening member or the like so that thelatter receives the horizontal force in shear. This technique addsgreatly to the use of inclined fastening members and furthermore makes ause of vertically disposed fastening members which has not heretoforebeen contemplated.

According to one aspect of the invention, the transmission of thehorizontal vector force is effected through the bracket itself to avertically disposed fastening member, whereas in accordance with afurther aspect of the invention the horizontal vector force istransmitted externally of the associated bracket. In some cases, as hasbeen illustrated, both the bracket and a member external thereto may beemployed to transmit the associated vector force.

In addition, a further aspect of the invention relates to engaging ofelongated fastening members such as pins, bolts and so forth in endwisemanner in order to resist axial movement of such fastening members fromthe associated overhead structure.

While reference has been made above to the provision of boresaccommodating fastening members, it will be readily appreciated that theinvention contemplates methods in which a fastening member is drivenhome into a masonary structure or the like without the prior pr-ovisionof bores in the latter. This, of course, depends upon whether or not thestructure to which connection is to be made will tolerate such anoperation.

In accordance with still a further aspect of the invention, there iscontemplated the control of strain patterns within supporting structuressuch as by placing the same controllably under compressive stresses.

There will now be obvious to those skilled in the art many modificationsand variations of the structures and methods set forth above. Thesemodifications and variations will not, however, depart from the scope ofthe invention if defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A hanger assembly comprising a bracket, provided with spaced holes,first means extending through one of said holes and adapted for engagingWithin an inclined bore in a supporting structure, second meansextending through the other of said holes and adapted for engaging inanother bore on said structure, and further means on one of theaforesaid means and engaging the other of the aforesaid means to retainthe latter in the associated bore.

2. For use with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one ofwhich is vertical and the other of which is inclined, a hanger assemblycomprising a bracket in face-to-face relation with said overheadstructure and provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, apin extending through said one of the holes in said bracket and throughto said incline-d bore and engaging within the latter, a head on saidpin holding said bracket against said structure, a bolt extendingthrough the other of said holes and engaging in said vertical bore, andmeans on said bolt engaging said head to prevent movement of the latterout of said hole.

3. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced boresone of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away fromthe vertical bore at an angle of about thirty degrees, a hanger assemblycom prising connected horizontal and vertical arms, said horizontal armbeing in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and beingprovided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, and inclinedcollar on said horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling one ofsaid holes, said collar being concentric With said inclined bore, theother of said holes being concentric with said vertical bore, a pinextending through said inclined collar, associated hole and bore andfrictionally engaging within the latter, a head on said pin abuttingagainst said collar, a bolt extending through said other hole andengaging in said vertical bore, a member including a flat portion on andat right angles to said bolt, and a head on said bolt sandwiching saidclip portion against said horizontal arm and said horizontal arm againstsaid structure, said clip further including an extension extending fromsaid flat portion and engaging the head of said pin such that a tendencyof said pin to move out of said inclined bore is resolved into verticaland horizontal vector forces the latter of which is applied to said boltin shear.

4. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced boresone of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away fromthe vertical bore at an angle, a hanger assembly comprising meansincluding horizontal and vertical arms connected to each other, saidhorizontal arm being in face-to-face relation with said overheadstructure and being provided with spaced holes corresponding to saidbores, one of said holes being vertical and the other hole beinginclined, an inclined collar on said horizontal arm and concentric withand encircling said inclined hole, said inclined hole and collar beingconcentric with said inclined bore and said vertical hole beingconcentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through saidinclined collar, hole and bore and frictionally engaging within thelatter, a dome-shaped head on said pin and abutting against said collar,an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a threaded bolt extendingthrough said vertical hole and threadably engaging in said shield toexpand the latter within said vertical bore, a spring clip including aflat portion on and at right angles to said bolt, a head on said boltsandwiching said clip portion against said horizontal arm and saidhorizontal arm against said structure,, said clip further including aarcuate extension extending from said flat portion and engaging saiddome-shaped head such that a tendency of said pin to move out of saidinclined bore is resolved into vertical and horizontal vector forces thelatter of which is applied to said bolt in shear, a suspension member,and means connecting said suspension member to said vertical arm.

5. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided withspaced 'bores one of which is vertical and the other of which isinclined away from the vertical bore at an angle of about thirtydegrees, a hanger assembly comprising a knee bracket includinghorizontal and vertical arms connected to each other and defining anangle of ninety degrees therebetween, said horizontal arm being inface-to-face relation with said overhead structure and being providedWith spaced holes corresponding to said bores, one of said holes beingvertical and the other hole being inclined and positioned closer to saidvertical arm than said vertical hole, an inclined collar on saidhorizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole,said inclined hole and collar being concentric with said inclined boreand said vertical hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pinextending through said inclined collar, hole and bore and frictionallyengaging within the latter, a dome-shaped head on said pin and abuttingagainst said collar, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, athreaded bolt extending through said vertical hole and threadablyengaging in said shield to expand the latter within said vertical bore,a spring clip including a flat portion on and at right angles to saidbolt, a head on said bolt sandwiching said clip portion against saidhorizontal arm and said horizontal arm against said structure, said clipfurther including an arcuate extension extending from said flat portionand engaging said domeshaped head such that a tendency of said pin tomove out of said inclined bore is resolved into vertical and horizontalvector forces the latter of which is applied to said bolt in shear, asuspension member, and means connecting said suspension member to saidvertical arm.

6. A method of mounting a bracket, provided with spaced holes, on anoverhead structure, said method comprising drilling vertical andinclined bores into said structure in correspondence with said holes,locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a firstfastening member through one hole into said inclined bore and byinserting a second fastening member through the other hole into thevertical bore, and mounting a retaining member on said second member andengaging the same with the first member to resist movement of the latterout of its bore.

7. A method of mounting a bracket, having vertical and inclined holes,on an overhead structure, said method comprising drilling vertical andinclined bores into said structure in correspondence with said holes,locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a fasteningmember through the inclined hole into said inclined bore and inserting asecond fastening member through the vertical hole into the verticalbore, and mounting a clip on said second member and engaging the samewith the first member to resist movement of the latter out of its bore.

8. A method of mounting a knee bracket, having vertical and inclinedholes, on an overhead masonry structure, said method comprising drillingvertical and inclined bores into said structure by using said holes asguides, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a pinwith a head thereon through the inclined hole into said inclined boreand by threading a bolt through the vertical hole into an expansionshield in the vertical bore, and mounting a spring clip on said bolt andengaging the same with the head of the pin.

9. A method of mounting a knee bracket, having vertical and inclinedholes, on an overhead masonry structure, said method comprising drillingvertical and inclined bores into said structure by using said holes asguides, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a pinwith a head thereon through the inclined hole into said inclined boreand by threading a bolt through the vertical hole into an expansionshield in the vertical bore, mounting a spring clip on said bolt andengaging the same with the head of the pin to resist movement of thepin, and connecting a suspension member to the bracket so mounted.

10. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided withspaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclinedaway from the vertical bore at an angle of about thirty degrees, ahanger assembly comprising a knee bracket including horizontal andvertical arms connected to each other and defining an angle of ninetydegrees therebetween, said horizontal arm being in face-to-face relationwith said overhead structure and being provided with spaced holescorresponding to said bores, one of said holes being vertical and theother hole being inclined and positioned closer to said vertical armthan said vertical hole, an inclined internally threaded collar on saidhorizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole,said inclined hole and collar being concentric with said inclined boreand said vertical hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pinextending through said inclined collar, hole and bore and frictionallyengaging within the latter, said pin threadably engaging said collar andincluding a threaded portion extending out of said collar, a nut on saidportion, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a threaded boltextending through said vertical hole and threadably engaging in saidshield to expand the latter within said vertical bore, a head on saidbolt san-dwiching said horizontal arm against said structure, thetendencies of the pins to move out of said bore being resolved by thehorizontal arm into vertical and horizontal vector forces the latter ofwhich is applied to said bolt in shear.

11. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced boresone of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined, a hangerassembly comprising a horizontal arm in face-to-face relation with saidoverhead structure and provided with spaced holes, one of said holescorresponding to the vertical bore and the other hole corresponding tothe inclined bore, an internally threaded inclined collar on saidhorizontal arm and encircling said other hole, said collar beingconcentric with said inclined bore and said one hole being concentricwith said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collarand bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, said pinthreadably engaging said collar, an expansion shield in said verticalbore, and a threaded bolt extending through said vertical hole andthreadably engaging in said shield to expand the latter within saidvertical bore.

12. For use with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one ofwhich is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from thevertical bore, a hanger assembly comprising a bracket engaged againstsaid overhead structure and provided with spaced holes corresponding tosaid bores, a collar on said bracket and concentric with and encirclingone of said holes, said collar being concentric with said inclined bore,the other of said holes being concentric with said vertical bore, afastening member extending through said collar and the associated holeand into said bore and engaging within the latter, a second fasteningmember extending through said other hole into said vertical bore, and aretainer member on the second fastening member and in endwise engagementwith the first said fastening member to retain the latter in theassociated bore.

13. On an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which isvertical and the other of which is inclined, a hanger assemblycomprising a bracket, first and second fastening members extendingthrough said bracket into said bores for fastening the bracket to saidstructure, and means on said bracket engaging at least one of saidmembers to retain the same in the associated bore.

14. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a kneebracket having first and second holes therein and including a sleeveencircling said first hole; said method comprising fixing the end of apin to said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve,drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead structure incorrespondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in saidvertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the saidbracket to said overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt throughsaid second hole and screwing the same into said shield, and connectingsaid suspension member detachably to said knee bracket.

15. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a kneebracket, said method comprising forming spaced holes in said bracket andsecuring on said bracket an internally threaded sleeve encircling one ofsaid holes, threading the end of a pin, threadably engaging said endwith said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve,threadably engaging a nut on the protruding end and fixing the nut tosaid end, drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead masonrystructure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansionshield in said vertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined boreto lock the said bracket to said. overhead structure, inserting athreaded bolt through the other said hole and screwing the bolt intosaid shield, and connecting said suspension member detachably to saidknee bracket.

16. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee bracket havingvertical and inclined holes therein and including an internally threadedsleeve encircling said inclined hole; said method comprising threadingthe end of a pin, threadably engaging said end with said sleeve so thatsaid end protrudes through said sleeve, threadably engaging a nut on theprotruding end and riveting the nut to said end, drilling vertical andinclined bores into an overhead masonry structure in correspondence withsaid holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, drivingsaid pin into said inclined bore to lock the said bracket to saidoverhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt through said vertical holeand screwing the same into said shield, connecting a suspension memberdetachably to said knee bracket, and suspending a load from saidsuspension member.

17. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a kneebracket having vertical and inclined holes therein and including aninternally threaded sleeve encircling said inclined hole; said methodcomprising threading the end of a pin, threadably engaging said end withsaid sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve, threadablyengaging a nut on the protruding end and riveting the nut to said end,drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead masonry structurein correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in saidvertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the saidbracket to said overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt throughsaid vertical hole and screwing the same into said shield, andconnecting said suspension member detachably to said knee bracket.

18. In combination with an overhead structure, a hanger comprising ahorizontal bracket, a fastening member extending through said bracketand, at an acute angle, into said structure, vertical fastening meansextending through said bracket into said structure, and means adjustablysupported on the bracket and engaging said fastening member to retainthe same in said structure.

19. In combination with an overhead structure, a hanger comprising abracket, a fastening member extending through said bracket and, at anacute angle, into said structure, and means adjustably supported on thebracket and engaging said fastening member to retain the same in saidstructure; said hanger further comprising means to receive forcesoriginating in said fastening member in shear.

20. A horizontal hanger comprising a bracket, a fastening memberextending through said bracket at an acute angle, a threaded sleeveconnected to said bracket and being located beneath said fasteningmember, vertical fastening means extending through said bracket and arod threadably engaged with said sleeve, said rod being in endwiseengagement with the fastening member and being further adapted forsupporting a load.

21. On an overhead structure provided. with an inclined bore, a hangercomprising a bracket provided with a hole corresponding to said bore, apin extending through the hole and frictionally engaged in the inclinedbore, vertical fastening means extending through. said bracket into saidstructure, an angle connected to said bracket and including a sectionbeneath said pin, and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneathsaid pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve in endwiseengagement with the head on said pin and being further adapted forsupporting a load.

22. In combination With an overhead masonry structure provided withvertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a bracket provided withholes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from the bracketand encircling one of said holes, vertical fastening means extendingthrough said bracket into said vertical bore, a pin extending throughthe sleeve and associated hole and frictionally engaged in the inclinedbore, an angle connected to said bracket and including a section beneaththe same, an internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the saidpin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod being inendwise engagement with said pin and being further adapted forsupporting a load.

23. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided withvertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a knee bracketincluding perpendicularly disposed arms in horizontal and verticaldisposition, said horizontal arm being provided with vertical andinclined holes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from thehorizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, apin extending through the sleeve and inclined hole and frictionallyengaged in the inclined bore, a head on said pin abutting against saidsleeve, a tastening member extending through said horizontal arm toengage Within the vertical bore, an angle connected to said vertical armand including a section beneath and parallel to said horizontal arm, avertical and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the headon said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod beingin endwise engagement with the head on said pin and being furtheradapted for supporting a load.

24. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided withvertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a knee bracketincluding perpendicularly disposed arms in horizontal and verticaldisposition, said horizontal arm being provided with vertical andinclined holes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from thehorizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, apin extending through the sleeve and inclined hole and frictionallyengaged in the inclined bore, a head on said pin abutting against saidsleeve, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a bolt extendmgthrough said vertical hole into said shield to expand the latter Withinthe vertical bore, a head on said bolt sandwiching the horizontal armagainst the overhead structure, an angle connected to said vertical armand including a section beneath and parallel to said horizontal arm, avertical and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the headon said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod beingin endwise engagement with the head on said pin and being furtheradapted for supporting a load.

25. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee 'bracketincluding a vertical and an inclined hole, said method comprisingforming vertical and inclined bores in an overhead masonry structure incorrespondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in saidvertical bore, aligning the corresponding bores and holes, driving a pinthrough the inclined hole into the inclined bore, threading a boltthrough the vertical hole into the expansion shield, said pin and boltlocking the knee bracket to the overhead structure, connecting athreaded sleeve to the knee bracket below said pin, and threading a rodthrough said sleeve and into endwise engagement with said pin.

26. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee bracket includinga vertical and an inclined hole, said method comprising forming verticaland inclined bores in an overhead masonry structure in correspondencewith said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore,aligning the corresponding bores and holes, driving a pin through theinclined hole into the inclined bore, threading a bolt through thevertical hole into the expansion shield, said pin and bolt locking theknee bracket to the overhead structure, connecting a threaded sleeve tothe knee bracket below said pin, and threading a rod through said sleeveand into endwise engagement with said pin, and suspending a load fromsaid rod.

27. A method of supporting a load by the use of a bracket provided withspaced holes, said method comprising forming vertical and inclined boresin an overhead structure in correspondence with said holes, aligning thecorresponding bores and holes, driving a pin through one of said holesinto the inclined bore, inserting a fastening member through the bracketinto the vertical bore, said pin and fastening member locking thebracket to the overhead structure, threadably supporting a rod on saidbracket, and adjusting the rod into endwise engagement with said pin.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 546,837 9/1895Bulkley 52698 1,163,132 12/1915 Ette 248-216 3,201,906 8/1965 Giardina5239 FOREIGN PATENTS 163,232 6/ 1955 Australia.

933,925 1/1948 France.

863,044 3/1961 Great Britain.

FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner.

A. C. PERI-1AM, Assistant Examiner.

4. IN COMBINATION WITH AN OVERHEAD STRUCTURE PROVIDED WITH SPACED BORESONE OF WHICH IS VERTICAL AND THE OTHER OF WHICH IS INCLINED AWAY FROMTHE VERTICAL BORE AT AN ANGLE, A HANGER ASSEMBLY COMPRISING MEANSINCLUDING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ARMS CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER, SAIDHORIZONTAL ARM BEING IN FACE-TO-FACE RELATION WITH SAID OVERHEADSTRUCTURE AND BEING PROVIDED WITH SPACED HOLES CORRESPONDING TO SAIDBORES, ONE OF SAID HOLES BEING VERTICAL AND THE OTHER HOLE BEINGINCLINED, AN INCLINED COLLAR ON SAID HORIZONTAL ARM AND CONCENTRIC WITHAND ENCIRCLING SAID INCLINED HOLE, SAID INCLINED HOLE AND COLLAR BEINGCONCENTRIC WITH SAID INCLINED BORE AND SAID VERTICAL HOLE BEINGCONCENTRIC WITH SAID VERTICAL BORE, A PIN EXTENDING THROUGH SAIDINCLINED COLLAR, HOLE AND BORE AND FRICTIONALLY ENGAGING WITHIN THELATTER, A DOME-SHAPED HEAD ON SAID PIN AND ABUTTING AGAINST SAID COLLAR,AN EXPANSION SHIELD IN SAID VERTICAL BORE, A THREADED BOLT EXTENDINGTHROUGH SAID VERTICAL HOLE AND THREADABLY ENGAGING IN SAID SHIELD TOEXPAND THE LATTER WITHIN SAID VERTICAL BORE, A SPRING CLIP INCLUDING AFLAT PORTION ON AND AT RIGHT ANGLES TO SAID BOLT, A HEAD ON SAID BOLTSANDWICHING SAID CLIP PORTION AGAINST SAID HORIZONTAL ARM AND SAIDHORIZONTAL ARM AGAINST SAID STRUCTURE, SAID CLIP FURTHER INCLUDING ANARCUATE EXTENSION EXTENDING FROM SAID FLAT PORTION AND ENGAGING SAIDDOME-SHAPED HEAD SUCH THAT A TENDENCY OF SAID PIN TO MOVE OUT OF SAIDINCLINED BORE IS RESOLVED INTO VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL VECTOR FORCES THELATTER OF WHICH IS APPLIED TO SAID BOLT IN SHEAR, A SUSPENSION MEMBER,AND MEANS CONNECTING SAID SUSPENSION MEMBER TO SAID VERTICAL ARM.